Joseph Beuys (1921-1986)

Biographical Sketch

Joseph Beuys was born in 1921 in Krefeld, Germany and died in Düsseldorf in 1986.

A path-breaker in many contemporary artistic movements, his activities included sculpture, graphic arts, painting, action painting and art theory. His childhood and the 2nd World War marked his imagination. He was one of the most important artists of the second half of this century.

He served as a soldier (1941-45) then studied at the Academy in Düsseldorf (1947-52) under Ewald Mataré, among others. He became professor himself there from 1961-1972. Carried out performances of action art related to the Fluxus Movement (1963-74). Beuys ritualized movement sequences interspersed with autobiographical, mythical or historically charged themes or objects (Manresa 1966; Haupstrom-Fluxus, Eurasienstab, 1967). He participated in every Documenta exhibit from 1964-86 (in 1977, to cite one year, he exhibited 'Honey Pump at the Workplace'). His use of materials such as felt, copper, grease and wax emphasizes their innate energy and qualities, such as storage and flow, the effects of heat and cold, insulating and converting characteristics, form and chaos. He created drawings, plastic paintings, installations, multiples and scripts and graphic cycles. He held a 'wide definition of art', eliminating the borders between everyday life and the objet d'art. Thus he uses the term 'plastic' to refer even to people and their social organization. In 1973, Beuys founded the 'Free International Institute for Creativity and International Research', the FIU. Beuys influenced media advertising on politics and ecology. Today, 4000 of his works are located in the Van der Grinten Collection at Moyland Castle, another part on display at the Hessischen Landesmuseum in Darmstadt, the 'Secret Block' (1945-76) in the Marx Collection in Berlin, 'The 7000 Oaks' (1982-87) are in Kassel, and 'Show Your Wound' (1976) in the Städtischen Galerie, Munich.

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References:

Joseph Beuys. Zeichnungen 1947-1959. Schirmer 1972.

Joseph Beuys. Bleistiftzeichnungen aus den Jahren 1946-1964. Herausgeber van der Grinten, Propyläen

Verlag Berlin 1973.

A. Riedl: Joseph Beuys. Zirkulationszeit. Worms 1982.

Joseph Beuys. Frühe Aquarelle. Werner Schade Munich 1989.

Reference Catalogues:

Späte Druckgraphik. Aus der Verlagsproduktion des Grafos Verlages, Vaduz. Liechtensteinische Staatliche

Kunstsammlung, Benteli Verlag Bern 1996.

Peter Anselm Riedl: Joseph Beuys. Die späte Druckgraphik. Kulturhaus Wiesloch, 1986.

Joseph Beuys. Suite Schwurhand. Radierungen, Lithographien. Grafos Verlag Vaduz.

Registers of Works:

Joseph Beuys. Die Multiples. Werkverzeichnis der Auflagenobjekte und Druckgraphik 1965-1986.

Edited by Jörg Schellmann. 7th reviewed and expanded edition, Munich 1992.

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Note:

The references given are not meant as a list of the best works available on the subject, but simply reflect the author's sources.

Registers and catalogues of works are included when known and correspond to the information given in the index.